linux 系統(tǒng)sysctl命令解析。
Sysctl指令是對(duì)系統(tǒng)核心參數(shù)的設(shè)置:
用法:
-a 參數(shù)列出系統(tǒng)中所有核心設(shè)置
當(dāng)然了這些核心的設(shè)置都是文件,存放于/proc/sys/net目錄下。
舉個(gè)有代表性的例子:
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 0把所有的點(diǎn)改為/就可以了。
[root@redhat net]# net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 0
[root@redhat net]# cd ipv4/
[root@redhat ipv4]# cat icmp_echo_ignore_all
0
我們可以通過編輯或?qū)氲霓k法不該文件,但同時(shí)也有相關(guān)的命令修改:
-w參數(shù)只對(duì)英文單詞有效,對(duì)數(shù)字無效。同時(shí)也可以看到要使用絕對(duì)路徑,相對(duì)路徑是不可以的。
要想使用相對(duì)路徑:
導(dǎo)入的辦法只對(duì)相對(duì)路徑有效。
提示:
該文件等于1,就是禁止被ping。
[root@redhat ipv4]# cat icmp_echo_ignore_all //這樣的修改只是臨時(shí)的,重啟后系統(tǒng)會(huì)重新分配,想永久生效就把該條寫進(jìn) /etc/sysctl.conf
1
echo "icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
下面來看下sysctl這個(gè)指令的有效文件。
# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
開啟內(nèi)核路由功能:默認(rèn)參數(shù)=0
et.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
使其配置后直接生效:# sysctl –p
# sysctl –p命令還可以指定sysctl指令的配置文件,系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)的存放在/etc/sysctl.conf,其實(shí)也可以自己指定。
(2)
sysctl命令被用于在內(nèi)核運(yùn)行時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)地修改內(nèi)核的運(yùn)行參數(shù),可用的內(nèi)核參數(shù)在目錄/proc/sys中。它包含一些TCP/ip堆棧和虛擬內(nèi)存系統(tǒng)的高級(jí)選項(xiàng), 這可以讓有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的管理員提高引人注目的系統(tǒng)性能。用sysctl可以讀取設(shè)置超過五百個(gè)系統(tǒng)變量。
語法
sysctl(選項(xiàng))(參數(shù))
選項(xiàng)
-n:打印值時(shí)不打印關(guān)鍵字; -e:忽略未知關(guān)鍵字錯(cuò)誤; -N:僅打印名稱; -w:當(dāng)改變sysctl設(shè)置時(shí)使用此項(xiàng); -p:從配置文件“/etc/sysctl.conf”加載內(nèi)核參數(shù)設(shè)置; -a:打印當(dāng)前所有可用的內(nèi)核參數(shù)變量和值; -A:以表格方式打印當(dāng)前所有可用的內(nèi)核參數(shù)變量和值。
參數(shù)
變量=值:設(shè)置內(nèi)核參數(shù)對(duì)應(yīng)的變量值。
實(shí)例
查看所有可讀變量:
sysctl -a
讀一個(gè)指定的變量,例如kern.maxproc:
sysctl kern.maxproc kern.maxproc: 1044
要設(shè)置一個(gè)指定的變量,直接用variable=value這樣的語法:
sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000 kern.maxfiles: 2088 -> 5000
您可以使用sysctl修改系統(tǒng)變量,也可以通過編輯sysctl.conf文件來修改系統(tǒng)變量。sysctl.conf看起來很像rc.conf。它用variable=value的形式來設(shè)定值。指定的值在系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入多用戶模式之后被設(shè)定。并不是所有的變量都可以在這個(gè)模式下設(shè)定。
sysctl變量的設(shè)置通常是字符串、數(shù)字或者布爾型。(布爾型用 1 來表示'yes',用 0 來表示'no')。
sysctl -w kernel.sysrq=0 sysctl -w kernel.core_uses_pid=1 sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0 sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0 sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1 sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1 sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=2048 sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=30 sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=2 sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=3600 sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling=1 sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_sack=1
配置sysctl
編輯此文件:/etc/sysctl.conf
如果該文件為空,則輸入以下內(nèi)容,否則請(qǐng)根據(jù)情況自己做調(diào)整:
# Controls source route verification # Default should work for all interfaces net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 # net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1 # net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 1 # net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1 # Disables IP source routing # Default should work for all interfaces net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 # net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0 # net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0 # net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_source_route = 0 # Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel kernel.sysrq = 0 # Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename. # Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications. kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 # Increase maximum amount of memory allocated to shm # Only uncomment if needed! # kernel.shmmax = 67108864 # Disable ICMP Redirect Acceptance # Default should work for all interfaces net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0 # net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 # net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects = 0 # net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_redirects = 0 # enable Log Spoofed Packets, Source Routed Packets, Redirect Packets # Default should work for all interfaces net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1 # net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1 # net.ipv4.conf.lo.log_martians = 1 # net.ipv4.conf.eth0.log_martians = 1 # Decrease the time default value for tcp_fin_timeout connection net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 25 # Decrease the time default value for tcp_keepalive_time connection net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200 # Turn on the tcp_window_scaling net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 # Turn on the tcp_sack net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1 # tcp_fack should be on because of sack net.ipv4.tcp_fack = 1 # Turn on the tcp_timestamps net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1 # Enable TCP SYN Cookie Protection net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 # Enable ignoring broadcasts request net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1 # Enable bad error message Protection net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1 # make more local ports available # net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 # set TCP Re-Ordering value in kernel to ‘5′ net.ipv4.tcp_reordering = 5 # Lower syn retry rates net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3 # Set Max SYN Backlog to ‘2048′ net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 2048 # Various Settings net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1024 # Increase the maximum number of skb-heads to be cached net.core.hot_list_length = 256 # Increase the tcp-time-wait buckets pool size net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 360000 # This will increase the amount of memory available for socket input/output queues net.core.rmem_default = 65535 net.core.rmem_max = 8388608 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608 net.core.wmem_default = 65535 net.core.wmem_max = 8388608 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65535 8388608 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 8388608 8388608 8388608 net.core.optmem_max = 40960
如果希望屏蔽別人ping你的主機(jī),則加入以下代碼:
# Disable ping requests net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1
編輯完成后,請(qǐng)執(zhí)行以下命令使變動(dòng)立即生效:
/sbin/sysctl -p /sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1