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    1. 站長(zhǎng)資訊網(wǎng)
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      一文聊聊Node.js中的cluster(集群)

      一文聊聊Node.js中的cluster(集群)

      日常工作中,對(duì) Node.js 的使用都比較粗淺,趁未羊之際,來(lái)學(xué)點(diǎn)稍微高級(jí)的,那就先從 cluster 開(kāi)始吧。

      尼古拉斯張三說(shuō)過(guò),“帶著問(wèn)題去學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)比較好的方法”,所以我們也來(lái)試一試。

      當(dāng)初使用 cluster 時(shí),一直好奇它是怎么做到多個(gè)子進(jìn)程監(jiān)聽(tīng)同一個(gè)端口而不沖突的,比如下面這段代碼:

      const cluster = require('cluster') const net = require('net') const cpus = require('os').cpus()  if (cluster.isPrimary) {   for (let i = 0; i < cpus.length; i++) {     cluster.fork()   } } else {   net     .createServer(function (socket) {       socket.on('data', function (data) {         socket.write(`Reply from ${process.pid}: ` + data.toString())       })       socket.on('end', function () {         console.log('Close')       })       socket.write('Hello!n')     })     .listen(9999) }
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      該段代碼通過(guò)父進(jìn)程 fork 出了多個(gè)子進(jìn)程,且這些子進(jìn)程都監(jiān)聽(tīng)了 9999 這個(gè)端口并能正常提供服務(wù),這是如何做到的呢?我們來(lái)研究一下?!鞠嚓P(guān)教程推薦:nodejs視頻教程、編程教學(xué)】

      準(zhǔn)備調(diào)試環(huán)境

      學(xué)習(xí) Node.js 官方提供庫(kù)最好的方式當(dāng)然是調(diào)試一下,所以,我們先來(lái)準(zhǔn)備一下環(huán)境。注:本文的操作系統(tǒng)為 macOS Big Sur 11.6.6,其他系統(tǒng)請(qǐng)自行準(zhǔn)備相應(yīng)環(huán)境。

      編譯 Node.js

      • 下載 Node.js 源碼

      git clone https://github.com/nodejs/node.git
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      然后在下面這兩個(gè)地方加入斷點(diǎn),方便后面調(diào)試用:

      // lib/internal/cluster/primary.js function queryServer(worker, message) {   debugger;   // Stop processing if worker already disconnecting   if (worker.exitedAfterDisconnect) return;    ... }
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      // lib/internal/cluster/child.js send(message, (reply, handle) => {   debugger   if (typeof obj._setServerData === 'function') obj._setServerData(reply.data)    if (handle) {     // Shared listen socket     shared(reply, {handle, indexesKey, index}, cb)   } else {     // Round-robin.     rr(reply, {indexesKey, index}, cb)   } })
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      • 進(jìn)入目錄,執(zhí)行

      ./configure --debug make -j4
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      之后會(huì)生成 out/Debug/node

      準(zhǔn)備 IDE 環(huán)境

      使用 vscode 調(diào)試,配置好 launch.json 就可以了(其他 IDE 類(lèi)似,請(qǐng)自行解決):

      {   "version": "0.2.0",   "configurations": [     {       "name": "Debug C++",       "type": "cppdbg",       "program": "/Users/youxingzhi/ayou/node/out/Debug/node",       "request": "launch",       "args": ["/Users/youxingzhi/ayou/node/index.js"],       "stopAtEntry": false,       "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",       "environment": [],       "externalConsole": false,       "MIMode": "lldb"     },     {       "name": "Debug Node",       "type": "node",       "runtimeExecutable": "/Users/youxingzhi/ayou/node/out/Debug/node",       "request": "launch",       "args": ["--expose-internals", "--nolazy"],       "skipFiles": [],       "program": "${workspaceFolder}/index.js"     }   ] }
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      其中第一個(gè)是用于調(diào)式 C++ 代碼(需要安裝 C/C++ 插件),第二個(gè)用于調(diào)式 JS 代碼。接下來(lái)就可以開(kāi)始調(diào)試了,我們暫時(shí)用調(diào)式 JS 代碼的那個(gè)配置就好了。

      Cluster 源碼調(diào)試

      準(zhǔn)備好調(diào)試代碼(為了調(diào)試而已,這里啟動(dòng)一個(gè)子進(jìn)程就夠了):

      debugger const cluster = require('cluster') const net = require('net')  if (cluster.isPrimary) {   debugger   cluster.fork() } else {   const server = net.createServer(function (socket) {     socket.on('data', function (data) {       socket.write(`Reply from ${process.pid}: ` + data.toString())     })     socket.on('end', function () {       console.log('Close')     })     socket.write('Hello!n')   })   debugger   server.listen(9999) }
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      很明顯,我們的程序可以分父進(jìn)程和子進(jìn)程這兩部分來(lái)進(jìn)行分析。

      首先進(jìn)入的是父進(jìn)程:

      執(zhí)行 require('cluster') 時(shí),會(huì)進(jìn)入 lib/cluster.js 這個(gè)文件:

      const childOrPrimary = 'NODE_UNIQUE_ID' in process.env ? 'child' : 'primary' module.exports = require(`internal/cluster/${childOrPrimary}`)
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      會(huì)根據(jù)當(dāng)前 process.env 上是否有 NODE_UNIQUE_ID 來(lái)引入不同的模塊,此時(shí)是沒(méi)有的,所以會(huì)引入 internal/cluster/primary.js 這個(gè)模塊:

      ... const cluster = new EventEmitter(); ... module.exports = cluster  const handles = new SafeMap() cluster.isWorker = false cluster.isMaster = true // Deprecated alias. Must be same as isPrimary. cluster.isPrimary = true cluster.Worker = Worker cluster.workers = {} cluster.settings = {} cluster.SCHED_NONE = SCHED_NONE // Leave it to the operating system. cluster.SCHED_RR = SCHED_RR // Primary distributes connections. ... cluster.schedulingPolicy = schedulingPolicy  cluster.setupPrimary = function (options) { ... }  // Deprecated alias must be same as setupPrimary cluster.setupMaster = cluster.setupPrimary  function setupSettingsNT(settings) { ... }  function createWorkerProcess(id, env) {   ... }  function removeWorker(worker) {  ... }  function removeHandlesForWorker(worker) {  ... }  cluster.fork = function (env) {   ... }
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      該模塊主要是在 cluster 對(duì)象上掛載了一些屬性和方法,并導(dǎo)出,這些后面回過(guò)頭再看,我們繼續(xù)往下調(diào)試。往下調(diào)試會(huì)進(jìn)入 if (cluster.isPrimary) 分支,代碼很簡(jiǎn)單,僅僅是 fork 出了一個(gè)新的子進(jìn)程而已:

      // lib/internal/cluster/primary.js cluster.fork = function (env) {   cluster.setupPrimary()   const id = ++ids   const workerProcess = createWorkerProcess(id, env)   const worker = new Worker({     id: id,     process: workerProcess,   })    ...    worker.process.on('internalMessage', internal(worker, onmessage))   process.nextTick(emitForkNT, worker)   cluster.workers[worker.id] = worker   return worker }
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      cluster.setupPrimary():比較簡(jiǎn)單,初始化一些參數(shù)啥的。

      createWorkerProcess(id, env)

      // lib/internal/cluster/primary.js function createWorkerProcess(id, env) {   const workerEnv = {...process.env, ...env, NODE_UNIQUE_ID: `${id}`}   const execArgv = [...cluster.settings.execArgv]    ...    return fork(cluster.settings.exec, cluster.settings.args, {     cwd: cluster.settings.cwd,     env: workerEnv,     serialization: cluster.settings.serialization,     silent: cluster.settings.silent,     windowsHide: cluster.settings.windowsHide,     execArgv: execArgv,     stdio: cluster.settings.stdio,     gid: cluster.settings.gid,     uid: cluster.settings.uid,   }) }
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      可以看到,該方法主要是通過(guò) fork 啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)子進(jìn)程來(lái)執(zhí)行我們的 index.js,且啟動(dòng)子進(jìn)程的時(shí)候設(shè)置了環(huán)境變量 NODE_UNIQUE_ID,這樣 index.jsrequire('cluster') 的時(shí)候,引入的就是 internal/cluster/child.js 模塊了。

      worker.process.on('internalMessage', internal(worker, onmessage)):監(jiān)聽(tīng)子進(jìn)程傳遞過(guò)來(lái)的消息并處理。

      接下來(lái)就進(jìn)入了子進(jìn)程的邏輯:

      前面說(shuō)了,此時(shí)引入的是 internal/cluster/child.js 模塊,我們先跳過(guò),繼續(xù)往下,執(zhí)行 server.listen(9999) 時(shí)實(shí)際上是調(diào)用了 Server 上的方法:

      // lib/net.js Server.prototype.listen = function (...args) {   ...       listenInCluster(         this,         null,         options.port | 0,         4,         backlog,         undefined,         options.exclusive       ); }
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      可以看到,最終是調(diào)用了 listenInCluster

      // lib/net.js function listenInCluster(   server,   address,   port,   addressType,   backlog,   fd,   exclusive,   flags,   options ) {   exclusive = !!exclusive    if (cluster === undefined) cluster = require('cluster')    if (cluster.isPrimary || exclusive) {     // Will create a new handle     // _listen2 sets up the listened handle, it is still named like this     // to avoid breaking code that wraps this method     server._listen2(address, port, addressType, backlog, fd, flags)     return   }    const serverQuery = {     address: address,     port: port,     addressType: addressType,     fd: fd,     flags,     backlog,     ...options,   }   // Get the primary's server handle, and listen on it   cluster._getServer(server, serverQuery, listenOnPrimaryHandle)    function listenOnPrimaryHandle(err, handle) {     err = checkBindError(err, port, handle)      if (err) {       const ex = exceptionWithHostPort(err, 'bind', address, port)       return server.emit('error', ex)     }      // Reuse primary's server handle     server._handle = handle     // _listen2 sets up the listened handle, it is still named like this     // to avoid breaking code that wraps this method     server._listen2(address, port, addressType, backlog, fd, flags)   } }
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      由于是在子進(jìn)程中執(zhí)行,所以最后會(huì)調(diào)用 cluster._getServer(server, serverQuery, listenOnPrimaryHandle)

      // lib/internal/cluster/child.js // 這里的 cb 就是上面的 listenOnPrimaryHandle cluster._getServer = function (obj, options, cb) {   ...   send(message, (reply, handle) => {     debugger     if (typeof obj._setServerData === 'function') obj._setServerData(reply.data)      if (handle) {       // Shared listen socket       shared(reply, {handle, indexesKey, index}, cb)     } else {       // Round-robin.       rr(reply, {indexesKey, index}, cb)     }   })    ... }
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      該函數(shù)最終會(huì)向父進(jìn)程發(fā)送 queryServer 的消息,父進(jìn)程處理完后會(huì)調(diào)用回調(diào)函數(shù),回調(diào)函數(shù)中會(huì)調(diào)用 cblistenOnPrimaryHandle??磥?lái),listen 的邏輯是在父進(jìn)程中進(jìn)行的了。

      接下來(lái)進(jìn)入父進(jìn)程:

      父進(jìn)程收到 queryServer 的消息后,最終會(huì)調(diào)用 queryServer 這個(gè)方法:

      // lib/internal/cluster/primary.js function queryServer(worker, message) {   // Stop processing if worker already disconnecting   if (worker.exitedAfterDisconnect) return    const key =     `${message.address}:${message.port}:${message.addressType}:` +     `${message.fd}:${message.index}`   let handle = handles.get(key)    if (handle === undefined) {     let address = message.address      // Find shortest path for unix sockets because of the ~100 byte limit     if (       message.port < 0 &&       typeof address === 'string' &&       process.platform !== 'win32'     ) {       address = path.relative(process.cwd(), address)        if (message.address.length < address.length) address = message.address     }      // UDP is exempt from round-robin connection balancing for what should     // be obvious reasons: it's connectionless. There is nothing to send to     // the workers except raw datagrams and that's pointless.     if (       schedulingPolicy !== SCHED_RR ||       message.addressType === 'udp4' ||       message.addressType === 'udp6'     ) {       handle = new SharedHandle(key, address, message)     } else {       handle = new RoundRobinHandle(key, address, message)     }      handles.set(key, handle)   }    ... }
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      可以看到,這里主要是對(duì) handle 的處理,這里的 handle 指的是調(diào)度策略,分為 SharedHandleRoundRobinHandle,分別對(duì)應(yīng)搶占式和輪詢(xún)兩種策略(文章最后補(bǔ)充部分有關(guān)于兩者對(duì)比的例子)。

      Node.js 中默認(rèn)是 RoundRobinHandle 策略,可通過(guò)環(huán)境變量 NODE_CLUSTER_SCHED_POLICY 來(lái)修改,取值可以為 noneSharedHandle) 或 rrRoundRobinHandle)。

      SharedHandle

      首先,我們來(lái)看一下 SharedHandle,由于我們這里是 TCP 協(xié)議,所以最后會(huì)通過(guò) net._createServerHandle 創(chuàng)建一個(gè) TCP 對(duì)象掛載在 handle 屬性上(注意這里又有一個(gè) handle,別搞混了):

      // lib/internal/cluster/shared_handle.js function SharedHandle(key, address, {port, addressType, fd, flags}) {   this.key = key   this.workers = new SafeMap()   this.handle = null   this.errno = 0    let rval   if (addressType === 'udp4' || addressType === 'udp6')     rval = dgram._createSocketHandle(address, port, addressType, fd, flags)   else rval = net._createServerHandle(address, port, addressType, fd, flags)    if (typeof rval === 'number') this.errno = rval   else this.handle = rval }
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      createServerHandle 中除了創(chuàng)建 TCP 對(duì)象外,還綁定了端口和地址:

      // lib/net.js function createServerHandle(address, port, addressType, fd, flags) {   ...   } else {     handle = new TCP(TCPConstants.SERVER);     isTCP = true;   }    if (address || port || isTCP) {       ...       err = handle.bind6(address, port, flags);     } else {       err = handle.bind(address, port);     }   }    ...   return handle; }
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      然后,queryServer 中繼續(xù)執(zhí)行,會(huì)調(diào)用 add 方法,最終會(huì)將 handle 也就是 TCP 對(duì)象傳遞給子進(jìn)程:

      // lib/internal/cluster/primary.js function queryServer(worker, message) {   ...   if (!handle.data) handle.data = message.data    // Set custom server data   handle.add(worker, (errno, reply, handle) => {     const {data} = handles.get(key)      if (errno) handles.delete(key) // Gives other workers a chance to retry.      send(       worker,       {         errno,         key,         ack: message.seq,         data,         ...reply,       },       handle // TCP 對(duì)象     )   })   ... }
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      之后進(jìn)入子進(jìn)程:

      子進(jìn)程收到父進(jìn)程對(duì)于 queryServer 的回復(fù)后,會(huì)調(diào)用 shared

      // lib/internal/cluster/child.js // `obj` is a net#Server or a dgram#Socket object. cluster._getServer = function (obj, options, cb) {   ...    send(message, (reply, handle) => {     if (typeof obj._setServerData === 'function') obj._setServerData(reply.data)      if (handle) {       // Shared listen socket       shared(reply, {handle, indexesKey, index}, cb)     } else {       // Round-robin.       rr(reply, {indexesKey, index}, cb) // cb 是 listenOnPrimaryHandle     }   })   ... }
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      shared 中最后會(huì)調(diào)用 cb 也就是 listenOnPrimaryHandle

      // lib/net.js function listenOnPrimaryHandle(err, handle) {   err = checkBindError(err, port, handle)    if (err) {     const ex = exceptionWithHostPort(err, 'bind', address, port)     return server.emit('error', ex)   }   // Reuse primary's server handle 這里的 server 是 index.js 中 net.createServer 返回的那個(gè)對(duì)象   server._handle = handle   // _listen2 sets up the listened handle, it is still named like this   // to avoid breaking code that wraps this method   server._listen2(address, port, addressType, backlog, fd, flags) }
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      這里會(huì)把 handle 賦值給 server._handle,這里的 serverindex.jsnet.createServer 返回的那個(gè)對(duì)象,并調(diào)用 server._listen2,也就是 setupListenHandle

      // lib/net.js function setupListenHandle(address, port, addressType, backlog, fd, flags) {   debug('setupListenHandle', address, port, addressType, backlog, fd)   // If there is not yet a handle, we need to create one and bind.   // In the case of a server sent via IPC, we don't need to do this.   if (this._handle) {     debug('setupListenHandle: have a handle already')   } else {     ...   }    this[async_id_symbol] = getNewAsyncId(this._handle)   this._handle.onconnection = onconnection   this._handle[owner_symbol] = this    // Use a backlog of 512 entries. We pass 511 to the listen() call because   // the kernel does: backlogsize = roundup_pow_of_two(backlogsize + 1);   // which will thus give us a backlog of 512 entries.   const err = this._handle.listen(backlog || 511)    if (err) {     const ex = uvExceptionWithHostPort(err, 'listen', address, port)     this._handle.close()     this._handle = null     defaultTriggerAsyncIdScope(       this[async_id_symbol],       process.nextTick,       emitErrorNT,       this,       ex     )     return   } }
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      首先會(huì)執(zhí)行 this._handle.onconnection = onconnection,由于客戶(hù)端請(qǐng)求過(guò)來(lái)時(shí)會(huì)調(diào)用 this._handle(也就是 TCP 對(duì)象)上的 onconnection 方法,也就是會(huì)執(zhí)行lib/net.js 中的 onconnection 方法建立連接,之后就可以通信了。為了控制篇幅,該方法就不繼續(xù)往下了。

      然后調(diào)用 listen 監(jiān)聽(tīng),注意這里參數(shù) backlog 跟之前不同,不是表示端口,而是表示在拒絕連接之前,操作系統(tǒng)可以掛起的最大連接數(shù)量,也就是連接請(qǐng)求的排隊(duì)數(shù)量。我們平時(shí)遇到的 listen EADDRINUSE: address already in use 錯(cuò)誤就是因?yàn)檫@行代碼返回了非 0 的錯(cuò)誤。

      如果還有其他子進(jìn)程,也會(huì)同樣走一遍上述的步驟,不同之處是在主進(jìn)程中 queryServer 時(shí),由于已經(jīng)有 handle 了,不需要再重新創(chuàng)建了:

      function queryServer(worker, message) {   debugger;   // Stop processing if worker already disconnecting   if (worker.exitedAfterDisconnect) return;    const key =     `${message.address}:${message.port}:${message.addressType}:` +     `${message.fd}:${message.index}`;   let handle = handles.get(key);   ... }
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      以上內(nèi)容整理成流程圖如下:

      一文聊聊Node.js中的cluster(集群)

      所謂的 SharedHandle,其實(shí)是在多個(gè)子進(jìn)程中共享 TCP 對(duì)象的句柄,當(dāng)客戶(hù)端請(qǐng)求過(guò)來(lái)時(shí),多個(gè)進(jìn)程會(huì)去競(jìng)爭(zhēng)該請(qǐng)求的處理權(quán),會(huì)導(dǎo)致任務(wù)分配不均的問(wèn)題,這也是為什么需要 RoundRobinHandle 的原因。接下來(lái)繼續(xù)看看這種調(diào)度方式。

      RoundRobinHandle

      // lib/internal/cluster/round_robin_handle.js function RoundRobinHandle(   key,   address,   {port, fd, flags, backlog, readableAll, writableAll} ) {   ...   this.server = net.createServer(assert.fail)    ...   else if (port >= 0) {     this.server.listen({       port,       host: address,       // Currently, net module only supports `ipv6Only` option in `flags`.       ipv6Only: Boolean(flags & constants.UV_TCP_IPV6ONLY),       backlog,     })   }   ...   this.server.once('listening', () => {     this.handle = this.server._handle     this.handle.onconnection = (err, handle) => {       this.distribute(err, handle)     }     this.server._handle = null     this.server = null   }) }
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      如上所示,RoundRobinHandle 會(huì)調(diào)用 net.createServer() 創(chuàng)建一個(gè) server,然后調(diào)用 listen 方法,最終會(huì)來(lái)到 setupListenHandle

      // lib/net.js function setupListenHandle(address, port, addressType, backlog, fd, flags) {   debug('setupListenHandle', address, port, addressType, backlog, fd)   // If there is not yet a handle, we need to create one and bind.   // In the case of a server sent via IPC, we don't need to do this.   if (this._handle) {     debug('setupListenHandle: have a handle already')   } else {     debug('setupListenHandle: create a handle')      let rval = null      // Try to bind to the unspecified IPv6 address, see if IPv6 is available     if (!address && typeof fd !== 'number') {       rval = createServerHandle(DEFAULT_IPV6_ADDR, port, 6, fd, flags)        if (typeof rval === 'number') {         rval = null         address = DEFAULT_IPV4_ADDR         addressType = 4       } else {         address = DEFAULT_IPV6_ADDR         addressType = 6       }     }      if (rval === null)       rval = createServerHandle(address, port, addressType, fd, flags)      if (typeof rval === 'number') {       const error = uvExceptionWithHostPort(rval, 'listen', address, port)       process.nextTick(emitErrorNT, this, error)       return     }     this._handle = rval   }    this[async_id_symbol] = getNewAsyncId(this._handle)   this._handle.onconnection = onconnection   this._handle[owner_symbol] = this    ... }
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      且由于此時(shí) this._handle 為空,會(huì)調(diào)用 createServerHandle() 生成一個(gè) TCP 對(duì)象作為 _handle。之后就跟 SharedHandle 一樣了,最后也會(huì)回到子進(jìn)程:

      // lib/internal/cluster/child.js // `obj` is a net#Server or a dgram#Socket object. cluster._getServer = function (obj, options, cb) {   ...    send(message, (reply, handle) => {     if (typeof obj._setServerData === 'function') obj._setServerData(reply.data)      if (handle) {       // Shared listen socket       shared(reply, {handle, indexesKey, index}, cb)     } else {       // Round-robin.       rr(reply, {indexesKey, index}, cb) // cb 是 listenOnPrimaryHandle     }   })   ... }
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      不過(guò)由于 RoundRobinHandle 不會(huì)傳遞 handle 給子進(jìn)程,所以此時(shí)會(huì)執(zhí)行 rr

      function rr(message, {indexesKey, index}, cb) {   ...   // Faux handle. Mimics a TCPWrap with just enough fidelity to get away   // with it. Fools net.Server into thinking that it's backed by a real   // handle. Use a noop function for ref() and unref() because the control   // channel is going to keep the worker alive anyway.   const handle = {close, listen, ref: noop, unref: noop}    if (message.sockname) {     handle.getsockname = getsockname // TCP handles only.   }    assert(handles.has(key) === false)   handles.set(key, handle)   debugger   cb(0, handle) }
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      可以看到,這里構(gòu)造了一個(gè)假的 handle,然后執(zhí)行 cb 也就是 listenOnPrimaryHandle。最終跟 SharedHandle 一樣會(huì)調(diào)用 setupListenHandle 執(zhí)行 this._handle.onconnection = onconnection。

      RoundRobinHandle 邏輯到此就結(jié)束了,好像缺了點(diǎn)什么的樣子?;仡櫹?,我們給每個(gè)子進(jìn)程中的 server 上都掛載了一個(gè)假的 handle,但它跟綁定了端口的 TCP 對(duì)象沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系,如果客戶(hù)端請(qǐng)求過(guò)來(lái)了,是不會(huì)執(zhí)行它上面的 onconnection 方法的。之所以要這樣寫(xiě),估計(jì)是為了保持跟之前 SharedHandle 代碼邏輯的統(tǒng)一。

      此時(shí),我們需要回到 RoundRobinHandle,有這樣一段代碼:

      // lib/internal/cluster/round_robin_handle.js this.server.once('listening', () => {   this.handle = this.server._handle   this.handle.onconnection = (err, handle) => {     this.distribute(err, handle)   }   this.server._handle = null   this.server = null })
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      listen 執(zhí)行完后,會(huì)觸發(fā) listening 事件的回調(diào),這里重寫(xiě)了 handle 上面的 onconnection

      所以,當(dāng)客戶(hù)端請(qǐng)求過(guò)來(lái)時(shí),會(huì)調(diào)用 distribute 在多個(gè)子進(jìn)程中輪詢(xún)分發(fā),這里又有一個(gè) handle,這里的 handle 姑且理解為 clientHandle,即客戶(hù)端連接的 handle,別搞混了??傊詈髸?huì)將這個(gè) clientHandle 發(fā)送給子進(jìn)程:

      // lib/internal/cluster/round_robin_handle.js RoundRobinHandle.prototype.handoff = function (worker) {   ...    const message = { act: 'newconn', key: this.key };   // 這里的 handle 是 clientHandle   sendHelper(worker.process, message, handle, (reply) => {     if (reply.accepted) handle.close();     else this.distribute(0, handle); // Worker is shutting down. Send to another.      this.handoff(worker);   }); };
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      而子進(jìn)程在 require('cluster') 時(shí),已經(jīng)監(jiān)聽(tīng)了該事件:

      // lib/internal/cluster/child.js process.on('internalMessage', internal(worker, onmessage)) send({act: 'online'})  function onmessage(message, handle) {   if (message.act === 'newconn') onconnection(message, handle)   else if (message.act === 'disconnect')     ReflectApply(_disconnect, worker, [true]) }
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      最終也同樣會(huì)走到 net.js 中的 function onconnection(err, clientHandle) 方法。這個(gè)方法第二個(gè)參數(shù)名就叫 clientHandle,這也是為什么前面的 handle 我想叫這個(gè)名字的原因。

      還是用圖來(lái)總結(jié)下:

      一文聊聊Node.js中的cluster(集群)

      SharedHandle 不同的是,該調(diào)度策略中 onconnection 最開(kāi)始是在主進(jìn)程中觸發(fā)的,然后通過(guò)輪詢(xún)算法挑選一個(gè)子進(jìn)程,將 clientHandle 傳遞給它。

      為什么端口不沖突

      cluster 模塊的調(diào)試就到此告一段落了,接下來(lái)我們來(lái)回答一下一開(kāi)始的問(wèn)題,為什么多個(gè)進(jìn)程監(jiān)聽(tīng)同一個(gè)端口沒(méi)有報(bào)錯(cuò)?

      網(wǎng)上有些文章說(shuō)是因?yàn)樵O(shè)置了 SO_REUSEADDR,但其實(shí)跟這個(gè)沒(méi)關(guān)系。通過(guò)上面的分析知道,不管什么調(diào)度策略,最終都只會(huì)在主進(jìn)程中對(duì) TCP 對(duì)象 bind 一次。

      我們可以修改一下源代碼來(lái)測(cè)試一下:

      // deps/uv/src/unix/tcp.c 下面的 SO_REUSEADDR 改成 SO_DEBUG if (setsockopt(tcp->io_watcher.fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on)))
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      編譯后執(zhí)行發(fā)現(xiàn),我們?nèi)匀豢梢哉J褂?cluster 模塊。

      那這個(gè) SO_REUSEADDR 到底影響的是啥呢?我們繼續(xù)來(lái)研究一下。

      SO_REUSEADDR

      首先,我們我們知道,下面的代碼是會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)的:

      const net = require('net') const server1 = net.createServer() const server2 = net.createServer() server1.listen(9999) server2.listen(9999)
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      但是,如果我稍微修改一下,就不會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)了:

      const net = require('net') const server1 = net.createServer() const server2 = net.createServer() server1.listen(9999, '127.0.0.1') server2.listen(9999, '10.53.48.67')
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      原因在于 listen 時(shí),如果不指定 address,則相當(dāng)于綁定了所有地址,當(dāng)兩個(gè) server 都這樣做時(shí),請(qǐng)求到來(lái)就不知道要給誰(shuí)處理了。

      我們可以類(lèi)比成找對(duì)象,port 是對(duì)外貌的要求,address 是對(duì)城市的要求?,F(xiàn)在甲乙都想要一個(gè) port1米7以上 不限城市的對(duì)象,那如果有一個(gè) 1米7以上 來(lái)自 深圳 的對(duì)象,就不知道介紹給誰(shuí)了。而如果兩者都指定了城市就好辦多了。

      那如果一個(gè)指定了 address,一個(gè)沒(méi)有呢?就像下面這樣:

      const net = require('net') const server1 = net.createServer() const server2 = net.createServer() server1.listen(9999, '127.0.0.1') server2.listen(9999)
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      結(jié)果是:設(shè)置了 SO_REUSEADDR 可以正常運(yùn)行,而修改成 SO_DEBUG 的會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)。

      還是上面的例子,甲對(duì)城市沒(méi)有限制,乙需要是來(lái)自 深圳 的,那當(dāng)一個(gè)對(duì)象來(lái)自 深圳,我們可以選擇優(yōu)先介紹給乙,非 深圳 的就選擇介紹給甲,這個(gè)就是 SO_REUSEADDR 的作用。

      補(bǔ)充

      SharedHandleRoundRobinHandle 兩種模式的對(duì)比

      先準(zhǔn)備下測(cè)試代碼:

      // cluster.js const cluster = require('cluster') const net = require('net')  if (cluster.isMaster) {   for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {     cluster.fork()   } } else {   const server = net.createServer()   server.on('connection', (socket) => {     console.log(`PID: ${process.pid}!`)   })   server.listen(9997) }
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      // client.js const net = require('net') for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {   net.connect({port: 9997}) }
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      RoundRobin先執(zhí)行 node cluster.js,然后執(zhí)行 node client.js,會(huì)看到如下輸出,可以看到?jīng)]有任何一個(gè)進(jìn)程的 PID 是緊挨著的。至于為什么沒(méi)有一直按照一樣的順序,后面再研究一下。

      PID: 42904! PID: 42906! PID: 42905! PID: 42904! PID: 42907! PID: 42905! PID: 42906! PID: 42907! PID: 42904! PID: 42905! PID: 42906! PID: 42907! PID: 42904! PID: 42905! PID: 42906! PID: 42907! PID: 42904! PID: 42905! PID: 42906! PID: 42904!
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      Shared

      先執(zhí)行 NODE_CLUSTER_SCHED_POLICY=none node cluster.js,則 Node.js 會(huì)使用 SharedHandle,然后執(zhí)行 node client.js,會(huì)看到如下輸出,可以看到同一個(gè) PID 連續(xù)輸出了多次,所以這種策略會(huì)導(dǎo)致進(jìn)程任務(wù)分配不均的現(xiàn)象。就像公司里有些人忙到 996,有些人天天摸魚(yú),這顯然不是老板愿意看到的現(xiàn)象,所以不推薦使用。

      PID: 42561! PID: 42562! PID: 42561! PID: 42562! PID: 42564! PID: 42561! PID: 42562! PID: 42563! PID: 42561! PID: 42562! PID: 42563! PID: 42564! PID: 42564! PID: 42564! PID: 42564! PID: 42564! PID: 42563! PID: 42563! PID: 42564! PID: 42563!
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