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      C字符串函數(shù)總匯解析

       

        函數(shù)名: stpcpy

        功 能: 拷貝一個(gè)字符串到另一個(gè)

        用 法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char string[10];

        char *str1 = “abcdefghi”;

        stpcpy(string, str1);

        printf(“%sn”, string);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strcat

        功 能: 字符串拼接函數(shù)

        用 法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char destination[25];

        char *blank = ” “, *c = “C++”, *Borland = “Borland”;

        strcpy(destination, Borland);

        strcat(destination, blank);

        strcat(destination, c);

        printf(“%sn”, destination);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strchr

        功 能: 在一個(gè)串中查找給定字符的第一個(gè)匹配之處

        用 法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char string[15];

        char *ptr, c = ‘r’;

        strcpy(string, “This is a string”);

        ptr = strchr(string, c);

        if (ptr)

        printf(“The character %c is at position: %dn”, c, ptr-string);

        else

        printf(“The character was not foundn”);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strcmp

        功 能: 串比較

        用 法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);

        看Asic碼,str1>str2,返回值 > 0;兩串相等,返回0

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char *buf1 = “aaa”, *buf2 = “bbb”, *buf3 = “ccc”;

        int ptr;

        ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);

        if (ptr > 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);

        else

        printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

        ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);

        if (ptr > 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3n”);

        else

        printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 3n”);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strncmpi

        功 能: 將一個(gè)串中的一部分與另一個(gè)串比較, 不管大小寫

        用 法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char *buf1 = “BBB”, *buf2 = “bbb”;

        int ptr;

        ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);

        if (ptr > 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);

        if (ptr < 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

        if (ptr == 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 equals buffer 1n”);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strcpy

        功 能: 串拷貝

        用 法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char string[10];

        char *str1 = “abcdefghi”;

        strcpy(string, str1);

        printf(“%sn”, string);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strcspn

        功 能: 在串中查找第一個(gè)給定字符集內(nèi)容的段

        用 法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char *string1 = “1234567890”;

        char *string2 = “747DC8”;

        int length;

        length = strcspn(string1, string2);

        printf(“Character where strings intersect is at position %dn”, length);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strdup

        功 能: 將串拷貝到新建的位置處

        用 法: char *strdup(char *str);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char *dup_str, *string = “abcde”;

        dup_str = strdup(string);

        printf(“%sn”, dup_str);

        free(dup_str);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: stricmp

        功 能: 以大小寫不敏感方式比較兩個(gè)串

        用 法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char *buf1 = “BBB”, *buf2 = “bbb”;

        int ptr;

        ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1);

        if (ptr > 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);

        if (ptr < 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

        if (ptr == 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 equals buffer 1n”);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strerror

        功 能: 返回指向錯(cuò)誤信息字符串的指針

        用 法: char *strerror(int errnum);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char *buffer;

        buffer = strerror(errno);

        printf(“Error: %sn”, buffer);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strcmpi

        功 能: 將一個(gè)串與另一個(gè)比較, 不管大小寫

        用 法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char *buf1 = “BBB”, *buf2 = “bbb”;

        int ptr;

        ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);

        if (ptr > 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);

        if (ptr < 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

        if (ptr == 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 equals buffer 1n”);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strncmp

        功 能: 串比較

        用 法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char *buf1 = “aaabbb”, *buf2 = “bbbccc”, *buf3 = “ccc”;

        int ptr;

        ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);

        if (ptr > 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);

        else

        printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

        ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);

        if (ptr > 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3n”);

        else

        printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 3n”);

        return(0);

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strncmpi

        功 能: 把串中的一部分與另一串中的一部分比較, 不管大小寫

        用 法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char *buf1 = “BBBccc”, *buf2 = “bbbccc”;

        int ptr;

        ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3);

        if (ptr > 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);

        if (ptr < 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

        if (ptr == 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 equals buffer 1n”);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strncpy

        功 能: 串拷貝

        用 法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char string[10];

        char *str1 = “abcdefghi”;

        strncpy(string, str1, 3);

        string[3] = ”;

        printf(“%sn”, string);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strnicmp

        功 能: 不注重大小寫地比較兩個(gè)串

        用 法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char *buf1 = “BBBccc”, *buf2 = “bbbccc”;

        int ptr;

        ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3);

        if (ptr > 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);

        if (ptr < 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

        if (ptr == 0)

        printf(“buffer 2 equals buffer 1n”);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strnset

        功 能: 將一個(gè)串中的所有字符都設(shè)為指定字符

        用 法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char *string = “abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz”;

        char letter = ‘x’;

        printf(“string before strnset: %sn”, string);

        strnset(string, letter, 13);

        printf(“string after strnset: %sn”, string);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strpbrk

        功 能: 在串中查找給定字符集中的字符

        用 法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char *string1 = “abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz”;

        char *string2 = “onm”;

        char *ptr;

        ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2);

        if (ptr)

        printf(“strpbrk found first character: %cn”, *ptr);

        else

        printf(“strpbrk didn’t find character in setn”);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strrchr

        功 能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一個(gè)出現(xiàn)

        用 法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char string[15];

        char *ptr, c = ‘r’;

        strcpy(string, “This is a string”);

        ptr = strrchr(string, c);

        if (ptr)

        printf(“The character %c is at position: %dn”, c, ptr-string);

        else

        printf(“The character was not foundn”);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strrev

        功 能: 串倒轉(zhuǎn)

        用 法: char *strrev(char *str);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char *forward = “string”;

        printf(“Before strrev(): %sn”, forward);

        strrev(forward);

        printf(“After strrev(): %sn”, forward);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strset

        功 能: 將一個(gè)串中的所有字符都設(shè)為指定字符

        用 法: char *strset(char *str, char c);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char string[10] = “123456789”;

        char symbol = ‘c’;

        printf(“Before strset(): %sn”, string);

        strset(string, symbol);

        printf(“After strset(): %sn”, string);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strspn

        功 能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出現(xiàn)

        用 法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char *string1 = “1234567890”;

        char *string2 = “123DC8”;

        int length;

        length = strspn(string1, string2);

        printf(“Character where strings differ is at position %dn”, length);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strstr

        功 能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出現(xiàn)

        用 法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char *str1 = “Borland International”, *str2 = “nation”, *ptr;

        ptr = strstr(str1, str2);

        printf(“The substring is: %sn”, ptr);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strtod

        功 能: 將字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為double型值

        用 法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char input[80], *endptr;

        double value;

        printf(“Enter a floating point number:”);

        gets(input);

        value = strtod(input, &endptr);

        printf(“The string is %s the number is %lfn”, input, value);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strtok

        功 能: 查找由在第二個(gè)串中指定的分界符分隔開的單詞

        用 法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char input[16] = “abc,d”;

        char *p;

        /* strtok places a NULL terminator

        in front of the token, if found */

        p = strtok(input, “,”);

        if (p) printf(“%sn”, p);

        /* A second call to strtok using a NULL

        as the first parameter returns a pointer

        to the character following the token */

        p = strtok(NULL, “,”);

        if (p) printf(“%sn”, p);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strtol

        功 能: 將串轉(zhuǎn)換為長整數(shù)

        用 法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char *string = “87654321”, *endptr;

        long lnumber;

        /* strtol converts string to long integer */

        lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);

        printf(“string = %s long = %ldn”, string, lnumber);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: strupr

        功 能: 將串中的小寫字母轉(zhuǎn)換為大寫字母

        用 法: char *strupr(char *str);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        int main(void)

        {

        char *string = “abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz”, *ptr;

        /* converts string to upper case characters */

        ptr = strupr(string);

        printf(“%sn”, ptr);

        return 0;

        }

       

        函數(shù)名: swab

        功 能: 交換字節(jié)

        用 法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes);

        程序例:

        #include

        #include

        #include

        char source[15] = “rFna koBlrna d”;

        char target[15];

        int main(void)

        {

        swab(source, target, strlen(source));

        printf(“This is target: %sn”, target);

        return 0;

        }

       

        PS:isalpha()是字符函數(shù),不是字符串函數(shù),

        isalpha

        原型:extern int isalpha(int c);

        用法:#include

        功能:判斷字符c是否為英文字母

        說明:當(dāng)c為英文字母a-z或A-Z時(shí),返回非零值,否則返回零。

        舉例:

        // isalpha.c

        #include

        #include

        #include

        main()

        {

        int c;

        clrscr(); // clear screen

        printf(“Press a key”);

        for(;;)

        {

        c=getchar();

        clrscr();

        printf(“%c: %s letter”,c,isalpha(c)?”is”:”not”);

        }

        return 0; // just to avoid warnings by compiler

        }

       

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