函數(shù)名: sbrk
功  能: 改變數(shù)據(jù)段空間位置
用  法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <alloc.h>

int main(void)
{
   printf(“Changing allocation with sbrk()n”);
   printf(“Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes freen”,
   (unsigned long) coreleft());
   sbrk(1000);
   printf(” After sbrk() call: %lu bytes freen”,
   (unsigned long) coreleft());
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: scanf
功  能: 執(zhí)行格式化輸入
用  法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,…]);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(void)
{
   char label[20];
   char name[20];
   int entries = 0;
   int loop, age;
   double salary;

   struct Entry_struct
   {
      char  name[20];
      int   age;
      float salary;
   } entry[20];

/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
   printf(“nnPlease enter a label for the chart: “);
   scanf(“%20s”, label);
   fflush(stdin);  /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */

/* Input number of entries as an integer */
   printf(“How many entries will there be? (less than 20) “);
   scanf(“%d”, &entries);
   fflush(stdin);   /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */

/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
   for (loop=0;loop<entries;++loop)
   {
      printf(“Entry %dn”, loop);
      printf(”  Name   : “);
      scanf(“%[A-Za-z]”, entry[loop].name);
      fflush(stdin);  /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */

/* input an age as an integer */
      printf(”  Age    : “);
      scanf(“%d”, &entry[loop].age);
      fflush(stdin);  /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */

/* input a salary as a float */
      printf(”  Salary : “);
      scanf(“%f”, &entry[loop].salary);
      fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
   }

/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
   printf(“nPlease enter your name, age and salaryn”);
   scanf(“%20s %d %lf”, name, &age, &salary);
 

/* Print out the data that was input */
   printf(“nnTable %sn”,label);
   printf(“Compiled by %s  age %d  $%15.2lfn”, name, age, salary);
   printf(“—————————————————–n”);
   for (loop=0;loop<entries;++loop)
      printf(“%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lfn”,
         loop + 1,
  entry[loop].name,
  entry[loop].age,
         entry[loop].salary);
   printf(“—————————————————–n”);
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: searchpath
功  能: 搜索DOS路徑
用  法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dir.h>

int main(void)
{
   char *p;

   /* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
      to the path  */
   p = searchpath(“TLINK.EXE”);
   printf(“Search for TLINK.EXE : %sn”, p);

   /* Looks for non-existent file  */
   p = searchpath(“NOTEXIST.FIL”);
   printf(“Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %sn”, p);

   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: sector
功  能: 畫并填充橢圓扇區(qū)
用  法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(void)
{
   /* request auto detection */
   int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
   int midx, midy, i;
   int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
   int xrad = 100, yrad = 50;

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   midx = getmaxx() / 2;
   midy = getmaxy() / 2;

   /* loop through the fill patterns */
   for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; i++)
   {
      /* set the fill style */
      setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor());

      /* draw the sector slice */
      sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad);

      getch();
   }

   /* clean up */
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 

函數(shù)名: segread
功  能: 讀段寄存器值
用  法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dos.h>

int main(void)
{
   struct SREGS segs;

   segread(&segs);
   printf(“Current segment register settingsnn”);
   printf(“CS: %X   DS: %Xn”, segs.cs, segs.ds);
   printf(“ES: %X   SS: %Xn”, segs.es, segs.ss);

   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setactivepage
功  能: 設(shè)置圖形輸出活動頁
用  法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(void)
{
   /* select a driver and mode that supports */
   /* multiple pages.                        */
   int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
   int x, y, ht;

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   x = getmaxx() / 2;
   y = getmaxy() / 2;
   ht = textheight(“W”);

   /*  select the off screen page for drawing */
   setactivepage(1);

   /* draw a line on page #1 */
   line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy());

   /* output a message on page #1 */
   settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
   outtextxy(x, y, “This is page #1:”);
   outtextxy(x, y+ht, “Press any key to halt:”);

   /* select drawing to page #0 */
   setactivepage(0);

   /* output a message  on page #0 */
   outtextxy(x, y, “This is page #0.”);
   outtextxy(x, y+ht, “Press any key to view page #1:”);
   getch();

   /* select page #1 as the visible page */
   setvisualpage(1);

   /* clean up */
   getch();
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setallpallette
功  能: 按指定方式改變所有的調(diào)色板顏色
用  法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(void)
{
   /* request auto detection */
   int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
   struct palettetype pal;
   int color, maxcolor, ht;
   int y = 10;
   char msg[80];

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
   ht = 2 * textheight(“W”);

   /* grab a copy of the palette */
   getpalette(&pal);

   /* display the default palette colors */
   for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
   {
      setcolor(color);
      sprintf(msg, “Color: %d”, color);
      outtextxy(1, y, msg);
      y += ht;
   }

   /* wait for a key */
   getch();

   /* black out the colors one by one */
   for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
   {
      setpalette(color, BLACK);
      getch();
   }

   /* restore the palette colors */
   setallpalette(&pal);

   /* clean up */
   getch();
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setaspectratio
功  能: 設(shè)置圖形縱橫比
用  法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(void)
{
   /* request auto detection */
   int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
   int xasp, yasp, midx, midy;

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   midx = getmaxx() / 2;
   midy = getmaxy() / 2;
   setcolor(getmaxcolor());

   /* get current aspect ratio settings */
   getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp);

   /* draw normal circle */
   circle(midx, midy, 100);
   getch();

   /* claer the screen */
   cleardevice();

   /* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
   setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
   circle(midx, midy, 100);
   getch();

   /* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
   cleardevice();
   setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
   circle(midx, midy, 100);

   /* clean up */
   getch();
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setbkcolor
功  能: 用調(diào)色板設(shè)置當(dāng)前背景顏色
用  法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(void)
{
   /* select a driver and mode that supports */
   /* multiple background colors.            */
   int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
   int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
   char msg[80];

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   /* maximum color index supported */
   maxcolor = getmaxcolor();

   /* for centering text messages */
   settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
   x = getmaxx() / 2;
   y = getmaxy() / 2;

   /* loop through the available colors */
   for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
   {
      /* clear the screen */
      cleardevice();

      /* select a new background color */
      setbkcolor(bkcol);

      /* output a messsage */
      if (bkcol == WHITE)
  setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
      sprintf(msg, “Background color: %d”, bkcol);
      outtextxy(x, y, msg);
      getch();
   }

   /* clean up */
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setblock
功  能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存儲段大小
用  法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例:

#include <dos.h>
#include <alloc.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
   unsigned int size, segp;
   int stat;

   size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
   stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
   if (stat == -1)
      printf(“Allocated memory at segment: %Xn”, segp);
   else
   {
      printf(“Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %dn”,
      stat);
      exit(1);
   }

   stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
   if (stat == -1)
      printf(“Expanded memory block at segment: %Xn”, segp);
   else
      printf(“Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %dn”,
             stat);

   freemem(segp);

   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setbuf
功  能: 把緩沖區(qū)與流相聯(lián)
用  法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ];

int main(void)
{
   /* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
   setbuf(stdout, outbuf);

   /* put some characters into the buffer */
   puts(“This is a test of buffered output.nn”);
   puts(“This output will go into outbufn”);
   puts(“and won’t appear until the buffern”);
   puts(“fills up or we flush the stream.n”);

   /* flush the output buffer */
   fflush(stdout);

   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setcbrk
功  能: 設(shè)置Control-break
用  法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例:

#include <dos.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
   int break_flag;

   printf(“Enter 0 to turn control break offn”);
   printf(“Enter 1 to turn control break onn”);

   break_flag = getch() – 0;

   setcbrk(break_flag);

   if (getcbrk())
      printf(“Cntrl-brk flag is onn”);
   else
      printf(“Cntrl-brk flag is offn”);
   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: setcolor
功  能: 設(shè)置當(dāng)前畫線顏色
用  法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(void)
{
   /* select a driver and mode that supports */
   /* multiple drawing colors.               */
   int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
   int color, maxcolor, x, y;
   char msg[80];

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   /* maximum color index supported */
   maxcolor = getmaxcolor();

   /* for centering text messages */
   settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
   x = getmaxx() / 2;
   y = getmaxy() / 2;

   /* loop through the available colors */
   for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
   {
      /* clear the screen */
      cleardevice();

      /* select a new background color */
      setcolor(color);

      /* output a messsage */
      sprintf(msg, “Color: %d”, color);
      outtextxy(x, y, msg);
      getch();
   }

   /* clean up */
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setdate
功  能: 設(shè)置DOS日期
用  法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <process.h>
#include <dos.h>

int main(void)
{
   struct date reset;
   struct date save_date;

   getdate(&save_date);
   printf(“Original date:n”);
   system(“date”);

   reset.da_year = 2001;
   reset.da_day = 1;
   reset.da_mon = 1;
   setdate(&reset);

   printf(“Date after setting:n”);
   system(“date”);

   setdate(&save_date);
   printf(“Back to original date:n”);
   system(“date”);

   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setdisk
功  能: 設(shè)置當(dāng)前磁盤驅(qū)動器
用  法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dir.h>

int main(void)
{
   int save, disk, disks;

   /* save original drive */
   save = getdisk();

   /* print number of logic drives */
   disks = setdisk(save);
   printf(“%d logical drives on the systemnn”, disks);

   /* print the drive letters available */
   printf(“Available drives:n”);
   for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
   {
      setdisk(disk);
      if (disk == getdisk())
         printf(“%c: drive is availablen”, disk + ‘a’);
   }
   setdisk(save);

   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setdta
功  能: 設(shè)置磁盤傳輸區(qū)地址
用  法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例:

#include <process.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <dos.h>

int main(void)
{
   char line[80], far *save_dta;
   char buffer[256] = “SETDTA test!”;
   struct fcb blk;
   int result;

   /* get new file name from user */
   printf(“Enter a file name to create:”);
   gets(line);

   /* parse the new file name to the dta */
   parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
   printf(“%d %sn”, blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name);

   /* request DOS services to create file */
   if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
   {
      perror(“Error creating file”);
      exit(1);
   }

   /* save old dta and set new dta */
   save_dta = getdta();
   setdta(buffer);

   /* write new records */
   blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
   blk.fcb_random = 0L;
   result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
   printf(“result = %dn”, result);

   if (!result)
      printf(“Write OKn”);
   else
   {
      perror(“Disk error”);
      exit(1);
   }

   /* request DOS services to close the file */
   if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
   {
      perror(“Error closing file”);
      exit(1);
   }

   /* reset the old dta */
   setdta(save_dta);
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setfillpattern
功  能: 選擇用戶定義的填充模式
用  法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(void)
{
   /* request auto detection */
   int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
   int maxx, maxy;

   /* a user defined fill pattern */
   char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00};

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   maxx = getmaxx();
   maxy = getmaxy();
   setcolor(getmaxcolor());

   /* select a user defined fill pattern */
   setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor());

   /* fill the screen with the pattern */
   bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy);

   /* clean up */
   getch();
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setfillstyle
功  能: 設(shè)置填充模式和顏色
用  法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { “EMPTY_FILL”,
                  “SOLID_FILL”,
                  “LINE_FILL”,
                  “LTSLASH_FILL”,
                  “SLASH_FILL”,
                  “BKSLASH_FILL”,
                  “LTBKSLASH_FILL”,
    “HATCH_FILL”,
                  “XHATCH_FILL”,
                  “INTERLEAVE_FILL”,
                  “WIDE_DOT_FILL”,
                  “CLOSE_DOT_FILL”,
    “USER_FILL”
                };

int main(void)
{
   /* request auto detection */
   int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
   int style, midx, midy;
   char stylestr[40];

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   midx = getmaxx() / 2;
   midy = getmaxy() / 2;

   for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
   {
      /* select the fill style */
      setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor());

      /* convert style into a string */
      strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]);

      /* fill a bar */
      bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0);

      /* output a message */
      outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr);

      /* wait for a key */
      getch();
      cleardevice();
   }

   /* clean up */
   getch();
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setftime
功  能: 設(shè)置文件日期和時間
用  法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <process.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <io.h>

int main(void)
{
   struct ftime filet;
   FILE *fp;

   if ((fp = fopen(“TEST.$$$”, “w”)) == NULL)
   {
      perror(“Error:”);
      exit(1);
   }

   fprintf(fp, “testing…n”);

   /* load ftime structure with new time and date */
   filet.ft_tsec = 1;
   filet.ft_min = 1;
   filet.ft_hour = 1;
   filet.ft_day = 1;
   filet.ft_month = 1;
   filet.ft_year = 21;

   /* show current directory for time and date */
   system(“dir TEST.$$$”);

   /* change the time and date stamp*/
   setftime(fileno(fp), &filet);

   /* close and remove the temporary file */
   fclose(fp);

   system(“dir TEST.$$$”);

   unlink(“TEST.$$$”);
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setgraphbufsize
功  能: 改變內(nèi)部圖形緩沖區(qū)的大小
用  法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */

int main(void)
{
   /* request auto detection */
   int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
   int x, y, oldsize;
   char msg[80];

   /* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
   /* before making a call to initgraph.           */
   oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE);

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   x = getmaxx() / 2;
   y = getmaxy() / 2;

   /* output some messages */
   sprintf(msg, “Graphics buffer size: %d”, BUFSIZE);
   settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
   outtextxy(x, y, msg);
   sprintf(msg, “Old graphics buffer size: %d”, oldsize);
   outtextxy(x, y+textheight(“W”), msg);

   /* clean up */
   getch();
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: setgraphmode
功  能: 將系統(tǒng)設(shè)置成圖形模式且清屏
用  法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(void)
{
   /* request auto detection */
   int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
   int x, y;

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   x = getmaxx() / 2;
   y = getmaxy() / 2;

   /* output a message */
   settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
   outtextxy(x, y, “Press any key to exit graphics:”);
   getch();

   /* restore system to text mode */
   restorecrtmode();
   printf(“We’re now in text mode.n”);
   printf(“Press any key to return to graphics mode:”);
   getch();

   /* return to graphics mode */
   setgraphmode(getgraphmode());

   /* output a message */
   settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
   outtextxy(x, y, “We’re back in graphics mode.”);
   outtextxy(x, y+textheight(“W”), “Press any key to halt:”);

   /* clean up */
   getch();
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: setjmp
功  能: 非局部轉(zhuǎn)移
用  法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <process.h>
#include <setjmp.h>

void subroutine(void);

jmp_buf jumper;

int main(void)
{
   int value;

   value = setjmp(jumper);
   if (value != 0)
   {
      printf(“Longjmp with value %dn”, value);
      exit(value);
   }
   printf(“About to call subroutine … n”);
   subroutine();
   return 0;
}

void subroutine(void)
{
   longjmp(jumper,1);
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setlinestyle
功  能: 設(shè)置當(dāng)前畫線寬度和類型
用  法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
   “SOLID_LINE”,
   “DOTTED_LINE”,
   “CENTER_LINE”,
   “DASHED_LINE”,
   “USERBIT_LINE”
   };

int main(void)
{
   /* request auto detection */
   int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;

   int style, midx, midy, userpat;
   char stylestr[40];

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   midx = getmaxx() / 2;
   midy = getmaxy() / 2;

   /* a user defined line pattern */
   /* binary: “0000000000000001”  */
   userpat = 1;

   for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
   {
      /* select the line style */
      setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1);

      /* convert style into a string */
      strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]);

      /* draw a line */
      line(0, 0, midx-10, midy);

      /* draw a rectangle */
      rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy());

      /* output a message */
      outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr);

      /* wait for a key */
      getch();
      cleardevice();
   }

   /* clean up */
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: setmem
功  能: 存值到存儲區(qū)
用  法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <alloc.h>
#include <mem.h>

int main(void)
{
   char *dest;

   dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
   setmem(dest, 20, ‘c’);
   printf(“%sn”, dest);

   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: setmode
功  能: 設(shè)置打開文件方式
用  法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <io.h>

int main(void)
{
   int result;

   result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
   if (result == -1)
      perror(“Mode not availablen”);
   else
      printf(“Mode successfully switchedn”);
   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: setpalette
功  能: 改變調(diào)色板的顏色
用  法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(void)
{
   /* request auto detection */
   int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
   int color, maxcolor, ht;
   int y = 10;
   char msg[80];

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
   ht = 2 * textheight(“W”);

   /* display the default colors */
   for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
   {
      setcolor(color);
      sprintf(msg, “Color: %d”, color);
      outtextxy(1, y, msg);
      y += ht;
   }

   /* wait for a key */
   getch();

   /* black out the colors one by one */
   for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
   {
      setpalette(color, BLACK);
      getch();
   }

   /* clean up */
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setrgbpalette
功  能: 定義IBM8514圖形卡的顏色
用  法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(void)
{
   /* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
   /* of the setrgbpalette function.                 */
   int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
   struct palettetype pal;
   int i, ht, y, xmax;

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   /* grab a copy of the palette */
   getpalette(&pal);

   /* create gray scale */
   for (i=0; i<pal.size; i++)
      setrgbpalette(pal.colors[i], i*4, i*4, i*4);

   /* display the gray scale */
   ht = getmaxy() / 16;
   xmax = getmaxx();
   y = 0;
   for (i=0; i<pal.size; i++)
   {
      setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i);
      bar(0, y, xmax, y+ht);
      y += ht;
   }

   /* clean up */
   getch();
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: settextjustify
功  能: 為圖形函數(shù)設(shè)置文本的對齊方式
用  法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

/* function prototype */
void xat(int x, int y);

/* horizontal text justification settings */
char *hjust[] = { “LEFT_TEXT”,
                  “CENTER_TEXT”,
                  “RIGHT_TEXT”
                };

/* vertical text justification settings */
char *vjust[] = { “LEFT_TEXT”,
    “CENTER_TEXT”,
    “RIGHT_TEXT”
                };

int main(void)
{
   /* request auto detection */
   int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
   int midx, midy, hj, vj;
   char msg[80];

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   midx = getmaxx() / 2;
   midy = getmaxy() / 2;

   /* loop through text justifications */
   for (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++)
      for (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++)
      {
         cleardevice();
         /* set the text justification */
         settextjustify(hj, vj);

         /* create a message string */
         sprintf(msg, “%s  %s”, hjust[hj], vjust[vj]);

  /* create cross hairs on the screen */
  xat(midx, midy);

         /* output the message */
         outtextxy(midx, midy, msg);
         getch();
      }

   /* clean up */
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}

/* draw an “x” at (x, y) */
void xat(int x, int y)
{
  line(x-4, y, x+4, y);
  line(x, y-4, x, y+4);
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: settextstyle
功  能: 為圖形輸出設(shè)置當(dāng)前的文本屬性
用  法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

/* the names of the text styles supported */
char *fname[] = { “DEFAULT font”,
                  “TRIPLEX font”,
                  “SMALL font”,
                  “SANS SERIF font”,
                  “GOTHIC font”
                };

int main(void)
{
   /* request auto detection */
   int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
   int style, midx, midy;
   int size = 1;

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   midx = getmaxx() / 2;
   midy = getmaxy() / 2;

   settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);

   /* loop through the available text styles */
   for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
   {
      cleardevice();
      if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
         size = 4;

      /* select the text style */
      settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size);

      /* output a message */
      outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
      getch();
   }

   /* clean up */
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: settextstyle
功  能: 為圖形輸出設(shè)置當(dāng)前的文本屬性
用  法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

/* the names of the text styles supported */
char *fname[] = { “DEFAULT font”,
                  “TRIPLEX font”,
                  “SMALL font”,
                  “SANS SERIF font”,
                  “GOTHIC font”
                };

int main(void)
{
   /* request auto detection */
   int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
   int style, midx, midy;
   int size = 1;

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   midx = getmaxx() / 2;
   midy = getmaxy() / 2;

   settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);

   /* loop through the available text styles */
   for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
   {
      cleardevice();
      if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
         size = 4;

      /* select the text style */
      settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size);

      /* output a message */
      outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
      getch();
   }

   /* clean up */
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: settime
功  能: 設(shè)置系統(tǒng)時間
用  法: void settime(struct time *timep);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dos.h>

int main(void)
{
   struct  time t;

   gettime(&t);
   printf(“The current minute is: %dn”, t.ti_min);
   printf(“The current hour is: %dn”, t.ti_hour);
   printf(“The current hundredth of a second is: %dn”, t.ti_hund);
   printf(“The current second is: %dn”, t.ti_sec);

   /* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime  */
   t.ti_min++;
   settime(&t);

   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setusercharsize
功  能: 為矢量字體改變字符寬度和高度
用  法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(void)
{
   /* request autodetection */
   int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)      /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1);                 /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   /* select a text style */
   settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4);

   /* move to the text starting position */
   moveto(0, getmaxy() / 2);

   /* output some normal text */
   outtext(“Norm “);

   /* make the text 1/3 the normal width */
   setusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1);
   outtext(“Short “);

   /* make the text 3 times normal width */
   setusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1);
   outtext(“Wide”);

   /* clean up */
   getch();
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 

函數(shù)名: setvbuf
功  能: 把緩沖區(qū)與流相關(guān)
用  法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
   FILE *input, *output;
   char bufr[512];

   input = fopen(“file.in”, “r+b”);
   output = fopen(“file.out”, “w”);

   /* set up input stream for minimal disk access,
      using our own character buffer */
   if (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0)
      printf(“failed to set up buffer for input filen”);
   else
      printf(“buffer set up for input filen”);

   /* set up output stream for line buffering using space that
      will be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */
   if (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0)
      printf(“failed to set up buffer for output filen”);
   else
      printf(“buffer set up for output filen”);

   /* perform file I/O here */

   /* close files */
   fclose(input);
   fclose(output);
   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: setvect
功  能: 設(shè)置中斷矢量入口
用  法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)());
程序例:

/***NOTE:
    This is an interrupt service routine.  You can NOT compile this
    program with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable
    file which will operate correctly. */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <conio.h>

#define INTR 0X1C    /* The clock tick interrupt */

void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void);

int count=0;

void interrupt handler(void)
{
/* increase the global counter */
   count++;

/* call the old routine */
   oldhandler();
}

int main(void)
{
/* save the old interrupt vector */
   oldhandler = getvect(INTR);

/* install the new interrupt handler */
   setvect(INTR, handler);

/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */
   while (count < 20)
      printf(“count is %dn”,count);

/* reset the old interrupt handler */
   setvect(INTR, oldhandler);

   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setverify
功  能: 設(shè)置驗證狀態(tài)
用  法: void setverify(int value);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <dos.h>

int main(void)
{
   int verify_flag;

   printf(“Enter 0 to set verify flag offn”);
   printf(“Enter 1 to set verify flag onn”);

   verify_flag = getch() – 0;

   setverify(verify_flag);

   if (getverify())
      printf(“DOS verify flag is onn”);
   else
      printf(“DOS verify flag is offn”);

   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setviewport
功  能: 為圖形輸出設(shè)置當(dāng)前視口
用  法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right,
        int bottom, int clipflag);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

#define CLIP_ON 1   /* activates clipping in viewport */

int main(void)
{
   /* request auto detection */
   int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   setcolor(getmaxcolor());

   /* message in default full-screen viewport */
   outtextxy(0, 0, “* <– (0, 0) in default viewport”);

   /* create a smaller viewport */
   setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON);

   /* display some text */
   outtextxy(0, 0, “* <– (0, 0) in smaller viewport”);

   /* clean up */
   getch();
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setvisualpage
功  能: 設(shè)置可見圖形頁號
用  法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(void)
{
   /* select a driver and mode that supports */
   /* multiple pages.                        */
   int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
   int x, y, ht;

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   x = getmaxx() / 2;
   y = getmaxy() / 2;
   ht = textheight(“W”);

   /*  select the off screen page for drawing */
   setactivepage(1);

   /* draw a line on page #1 */
   line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy());

   /* output a message on page #1 */
   settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
   outtextxy(x, y, “This is page #1:”);
   outtextxy(x, y+ht, “Press any key to halt:”);

   /* select drawing to page #0 */
   setactivepage(0);

   /* output a message  on page #0 */
   outtextxy(x, y, “This is page #0.”);
   outtextxy(x, y+ht, “Press any key to view page #1:”);
   getch();

   /* select page #1 as the visible page */
   setvisualpage(1);

   /* clean up */
   getch();
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: setwritemode
功  能: 設(shè)置圖形方式下畫線的輸出模式
用  法: void far setwritemode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main()
{
   /* request auto detection */
   int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
   int xmax, ymax;

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, “”);

   /* read result of initialization */
   errorcode = graphresult();
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */
   {
      printf(“Graphics error: %sn”, grapherrormsg(errorcode));
      printf(“Press any key to halt:”);
      getch();
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
   }

   xmax = getmaxx();
   ymax = getmaxy();

   /* select XOR drawing mode */
   setwritemode(XOR_PUT);

   /* draw a line */
   line(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
   getch();

   /* erase the line by drawing over it */
   line(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
   getch();

   /* select overwrite drawing mode */
   setwritemode(COPY_PUT);

   /* draw a line */
   line(0, 0, xmax, ymax);

   /* clean up */
   getch();
   closegraph();
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: signal
功  能: 設(shè)置某一信號的對應(yīng)動作
用  法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname);
程序例:

/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE,
   catches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment
   to AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause
   your computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors
   depending on which memory model is used.
*/

#pragma inline
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>

void Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist)
{
   printf(“Caught it!n”);
   *(reglist + 8) = 3;             /* make return AX = 3 */
}

int main(void)
{
   signal(SIGFPE, Catcher);
   asm     mov     ax,07FFFH       /* AX = 32767 */
   asm     inc     ax              /* cause overflow */
   asm     into                    /* activate handler */

   /* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn’t happened,
      there would have been another exception when the next ‘into’
      was executed after the ‘dec’ instruction. */
   asm     dec     ax              /* no overflow now */
   asm     into                    /* doesn’t activate */
   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: sin
功  能: 正弦函數(shù)
用  法: double sin(double x);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
   double result, x = 0.5;

   result = sin(x);
   printf(“The sin() of %lf is %lfn”, x, result);
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: sinh
功  能: 雙曲正弦函數(shù)
用  法: double sinh(double x);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
   double result, x = 0.5;

   result = sinh(x);
   printf(“The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lfn”, x, result);
   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: sleep
功  能: 執(zhí)行掛起一段時間
用  法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds);
程序例:

#include <dos.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
   int i;

   for (i=1; i<5; i++)
   {
      printf(“Sleeping for %d secondsn”, i);
      sleep(i);
   }
   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: sopen
功  能: 打開一共享文件
用  法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss);
程序例:

#include <io.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sysstat.h>
#include <process.h>
#include <share.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
   int handle;
   int status;

   handle = sopen(“c:\autoexec.bat”, O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD);

   if (!handle)
   {
      printf(“sopen failedn”);
      exit(1);
   }

   status = access(“c:\autoexec.bat”, 6);
   if (status == 0)
      printf(“read/write access allowedn”);
   else
      printf(“read/write access not allowedn”);

   close(handle);
   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: sound
功  能: 以指定頻率打開PC揚聲器
用  法: void sound(unsigned frequency);
程序例:

/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds.
   Your PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */
#include <dos.h>

int main(void)
{
   sound(7);
   delay(10000);
   nosound();
   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: spawnl
功  能: 創(chuàng)建并運行子程序
用  法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0,
     arg1, … argn, NULL);
程序例:

#include <process.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(void)
{
   int result;

   clrscr();
   result = spawnl(P_WAIT, “tcc.exe”, NULL);
   if (result == -1)
   {
      perror(“Error from spawnl”);
      exit(1);
   }
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: spawnle
功  能: 創(chuàng)建并運行子程序
用  法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0,
      arg1,…, argn, NULL);
程序例:

/* spawnle() example */

#include <process.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(void)
{
   int result;

   clrscr();
   result = spawnle(P_WAIT, “tcc.exe”, NULL, NULL);
   if (result == -1)
   {
      perror(“Error from spawnle”);
      exit(1);
   }
   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: sprintf
功  能: 送格式化輸出到字符串中
用  法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,…]);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(void)
{
   char buffer[80];

   sprintf(buffer, “An approximation of Pi is %fn”, M_PI);
   puts(buffer);
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: sqrt
功  能: 計算平方根
用  法: double sqrt(double x);
程序例:

#include <math.h>
 #include <stdio.h>

 int main(void)
 {
    double x = 4.0, result;

    result = sqrt(x);
    printf(“The square root of %lf is %lfn”, x, result);
    return 0;
}
 

函數(shù)名: srand
功  能: 初始化隨機數(shù)發(fā)生器
用  法: void srand(unsigned seed);
程序例:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

int main(void)
{
   int i;
   time_t t;

   srand((unsigned) time(&t));
   printf(“Ten random numbers from 0 to 99nn”);
   for(i=0; i<10; i++)
       printf(“%dn”, rand() % 100);
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: sscanf
功  能: 執(zhí)行從字符串中的格式化輸入
用  法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,…]);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(void)
{
   char label[20];
   char name[20];
   int entries = 0;
   int loop, age;
   double salary;

   struct Entry_struct
   {
      char  name[20];
      int   age;
      float salary;
   } entry[20];

/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
   printf(“nnPlease enter a label for the chart: “);
   scanf(“%20s”, label);
   fflush(stdin);  /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */

/* Input number of entries as an integer */
   printf(“How many entries will there be? (less than 20) “);
   scanf(“%d”, &entries);
   fflush(stdin);   /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */

/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
   for (loop=0;loop<entries;++loop)
   {
      printf(“Entry %dn”, loop);
      printf(”  Name   : “);
      scanf(“%[A-Za-z]”, entry[loop].name);
      fflush(stdin);  /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */

/* input an age as an integer */
      printf(”  Age    : “);
      scanf(“%d”, &entry[loop].age);
      fflush(stdin);  /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */

/* input a salary as a float */
      printf(”  Salary : “);
      scanf(“%f”, &entry[loop].salary);
      fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
   }

/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
   printf(“nPlease enter your name, age and salaryn”);
   scanf(“%20s %d %lf”, name, &age, &salary);
 

/* Print out the data that was input */
   printf(“nnTable %sn”,label);
   printf(“Compiled by %s  age %d  $%15.2lfn”, name, age, salary);
   printf(“—————————————————–n”);
   for (loop=0;loop<entries;++loop)
      printf(“%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lfn”,
         loop + 1,
  entry[loop].name,
  entry[loop].age,
  entry[loop].salary);
   printf(“—————————————————–n”);
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: stat
功  能: 讀取打開文件信息
用  法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff);
程序例:

#include <sysstat.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

#define FILENAME “TEST.$$$”

int main(void)
{
   struct stat statbuf;
   FILE *stream;

   /* open a file for update */
   if ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, “w+”)) == NULL)
   {
      fprintf(stderr, “Cannot open output file.n”);
      return(1);
   }

   /* get information about the file */
   stat(FILENAME, &statbuf);

   fclose(stream);

   /* display the information returned */
   if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR)
      printf(“Handle refers to a device.n”);
   if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG)
      printf(“Handle refers to an ordinary file.n”);
   if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD)
      printf(“User has read permission on file.n”);
   if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE)
      printf(“User has write permission on file.n”);

   printf(“Drive letter of file: %cn”, ‘A’+statbuf.st_dev);
   printf(“Size of file in bytes: %ldn”, statbuf.st_size);
   printf(“Time file last opened: %sn”, ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime));
   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: _status87
功  能: 取浮點狀態(tài)
用  法: unsigned int _status87(void);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <float.h>

int main(void)
{
   float x;
   double y = 1.5e-100;

   printf(“Status 87 before error: %xn”, _status87());

   x = y;  /* <– force an error to occur */
   y = x;

   printf(“Status 87 after error : %xn”, _status87());
   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: stime
功  能: 設(shè)置時間
用  法: int stime(long *tp);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <dos.h>

int main(void)
{
   time_t t;
   struct tm *area;

   t = time(NULL);
   area = localtime(&t);
   printf(“Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ldn”, t);
   printf(“Local time is: %s”, asctime(area));

   t++;
   area = localtime(&t);
   printf(“Add a second:  %s”, asctime(area));

   t += 60;
   area = localtime(&t);
   printf(“Add a minute:  %s”, asctime(area));

   t += 3600;
   area = localtime(&t);
   printf(“Add an hour:   %s”, asctime(area));

   t += 86400L;
   area = localtime(&t);
   printf(“Add a day:     %s”, asctime(area));

   t += 2592000L;
   area = localtime(&t);
   printf(“Add a month:   %s”, asctime(area));

   t += 31536000L;
   area = localtime(&t);
   printf(“Add a year:    %s”, asctime(area));
   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: stpcpy
功  能: 拷貝一個字符串到另一個
用  法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
   char string[10];
   char *str1 = “abcdefghi”;

   stpcpy(string, str1);
   printf(“%sn”, string);
   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: strcat
功  能: 字符串拼接函數(shù)
用  法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
   char destination[25];
   char *blank = ” “, *c = “C++”, *Borland = “Borland”;

   strcpy(destination, Borland);
   strcat(destination, blank);
   strcat(destination, c);

   printf(“%sn”, destination);
   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: strchr
功  能: 在一個串中查找給定字符的第一個匹配之處
用  法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
 {
    char string[15];
    char *ptr, c = ‘r’;

    strcpy(string, “This is a string”);
    ptr = strchr(string, c);
    if (ptr)
       printf(“The character %c is at position: %dn”, c, ptr-string);
    else
       printf(“The character was not foundn”);
    return 0;
 }
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: strcmp
功  能: 串比較
用  法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
 {
    char *buf1 = “aaa”, *buf2 = “bbb”, *buf3 = “ccc”;
    int ptr;

    ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);
    if (ptr > 0)
       printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);
    else
       printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

    ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);
    if (ptr > 0)
       printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3n”);
    else
       printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 3n”);

    return 0;
 }
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: strncmpi
功  能: 將一個串中的一部分與另一個串比較, 不管大小寫
用  法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
   char *buf1 = “BBB”, *buf2 = “bbb”;
   int ptr;

   ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);

   if (ptr > 0)
      printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);

   if (ptr < 0)
      printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

   if (ptr == 0)
      printf(“buffer 2 equals buffer 1n”);

   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: strcpy
功  能: 串拷貝
用  法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
 {
    char string[10];
    char *str1 = “abcdefghi”;

    strcpy(string, str1);
    printf(“%sn”, string);
    return 0;
 }
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: strcspn
功  能: 在串中查找第一個給定字符集內(nèi)容的段
用  法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>

int main(void)
 {
    char *string1 = “1234567890”;
    char *string2 = “747DC8”;
    int length;

    length = strcspn(string1, string2);
    printf(“Character where strings intersect is at position %dn”, length);

    return 0;
 }
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: strdup
功  能: 將串拷貝到新建的位置處
用  法: char *strdup(char *str);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>

int main(void)
 {
    char *dup_str, *string = “abcde”;

    dup_str = strdup(string);
    printf(“%sn”, dup_str);
    free(dup_str);

    return 0;
 }
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: stricmp
功  能: 以大小寫不敏感方式比較兩個串
用  法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
   char *buf1 = “BBB”, *buf2 = “bbb”;
   int ptr;

   ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1);

   if (ptr > 0)
      printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);

   if (ptr < 0)
      printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

   if (ptr == 0)
      printf(“buffer 2 equals buffer 1n”);

   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: strerror
功  能: 返回指向錯誤信息字符串的指針
用  法: char *strerror(int errnum);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>

int main(void)
{
   char *buffer;
   buffer = strerror(errno);
   printf(“Error: %sn”, buffer);
   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: strcmpi
功  能: 將一個串與另一個比較, 不管大小寫
用  法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
   char *buf1 = “BBB”, *buf2 = “bbb”;
   int ptr;

   ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);

   if (ptr > 0)
      printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);

   if (ptr < 0)
      printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

   if (ptr == 0)
      printf(“buffer 2 equals buffer 1n”);

   return 0;
}
 
 
 

函數(shù)名: strncmp
功  能: 串比較
用  法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int  main(void)

{
   char *buf1 = “aaabbb”, *buf2 = “bbbccc”, *buf3 = “ccc”;
   int ptr;

   ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);
   if (ptr > 0)
      printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);
   else
      printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

   ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
   if (ptr > 0)
      printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3n”);
   else
      printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 3n”);

   return(0);
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: strncmpi
功  能: 把串中的一部分與另一串中的一部分比較, 不管大小寫
用  法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
   char *buf1 = “BBBccc”, *buf2 = “bbbccc”;
   int ptr;

   ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3);

   if (ptr > 0)
      printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);

   if (ptr < 0)
      printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

   if (ptr == 0)
      printf(“buffer 2 equals buffer 1n”);

   return 0;
}
 
 

函數(shù)名: strncpy
功  能: 串拷貝
用  法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
   char string[10];
   char *str1 = “abcdefghi”;

   strncpy(string, str1, 3);
   string[3] = ‘