比較方法:1、直接使用“==”運算符比較,語法“str1 == str2”,該方法區(qū)分大小寫。2、利用strings包的Compare()函數(shù)比較,語法“strings.Compare(a,b)”;返回值為int類型,0表示兩數(shù)相等,1表示a大于b,“-1”表示a小于b。3、利用strings包的EqualFold()比較,語法“strings.EqualFold(a,b)”。
本教程操作環(huán)境:windows7系統(tǒng)、GO 1.18版本、Dell G3電腦。
Go語言比較字符串方式
在 go 語言中字符串比較的方式有如下三種:
==
直接比較,區(qū)分大小寫strings.Compare(a,b)
該函數(shù)返回值為 int, 0 表示兩數(shù)相等,1 表示 a>b, -1 表示 a<b。區(qū)分大小寫strings.EqualFold(a,b)
直接返回是否相等,不區(qū)分大小寫。
示例如下:// 1-使用等號比較——區(qū)分大消息
func Equal(s1, s2 string) bool { return s1 == s2 } // 2-使用 compare 比較——區(qū)分大小寫 func Compare(s1, s2 string) bool { return strings.Compare(s1, s2) == 0 // } //3-EqualFold 比較——不區(qū)分大小寫. case-fold 即大小寫同一處理 func EqualFold(s1, s2 string) bool { return strings.EqualFold(s1, s2) } // 使用等號比較——忽略大小寫 func Equal2(s1, s2 string) bool { return strings.ToLower(s1) == strings.ToLower(s2) } // 使用 compare 比較——不區(qū)分大小寫 func Compare2(s1, s2 string) bool { return strings.Compare(strings.ToLower(s1), strings.ToLower(s2)) == 0 } func StringCompareTest() { fmt.Println("== 區(qū)分大小寫", Equal("go", "Go")) //false fmt.Println("== 忽略大小寫",Equal2("go", "Go")) //true fmt.Println("compare 區(qū)分大小寫",Compare("go", "Go")) //false fmt.Println("compare 忽略大小寫",Compare2("go", "Go")) //true fmt.Println("EqualFold 忽略大小寫",EqualFold("go", "Go")) // true }
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性能比較
下面的代碼使用 Benchmark 做簡單的性能比較,測試項目的目錄結構為:
詳細代碼:
package test import ( "../str" "testing" ) func BenchmarkStrEqual(b *testing.B) { for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { str.Equal("go", "Go") } } func BenchmarkStrEqual2(b *testing.B) { for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { str.Equal2("go", "Go") } } func BenchmarkStrCompare(b *testing.B) { for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { str.Compare("go", "Go") } } func BenchmarkStrCompare2(b *testing.B) { for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { str.Compare2("go", "Go") } } func BenchmarkStrEqualFold(b *testing.B) { for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { str.EqualFold("go", "Go") } }
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測試結果如下:
通過上圖可以看出,效率最高的還是 ==
源碼簡單分析
1、strings.Compare
package strings // Compare returns an integer comparing two strings lexicographically. // The result will be 0 if a==b, -1 if a < b, and +1 if a > b. // // Compare is included only for symmetry with package bytes. // It is usually clearer and always faster to use the built-in // string comparison operators ==, <, >, and so on. func Compare(a, b string) int { // NOTE(rsc): This function does NOT call the runtime cmpstring function, // because we do not want to provide any performance justification for // using strings.Compare. Basically no one should use strings.Compare. // As the comment above says, it is here only for symmetry with package bytes. // If performance is important, the compiler should be changed to recognize // the pattern so that all code doing three-way comparisons, not just code // using strings.Compare, can benefit. if a == b { return 0 } if a < b { return -1 } return +1 }
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如上所示,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),Compare 內(nèi)部也是調(diào)用了 ==
, 而且該函數(shù)的注釋中也說了,這個函數(shù) only for symmetry with package bytes。而且推薦我們直接使用 ==
和 >
、<
。
2、strings.EqualFold
// EqualFold reports whether s and t, interpreted as UTF-8 strings, // are equal under Unicode case-folding, which is a more general // form of case-insensitivity. func EqualFold(s, t string) bool { for s != "" && t != "" { // Extract first rune from each string. var sr, tr rune if s[0] < utf8.RuneSelf { sr, s = rune(s[0]), s[1:] } else { r, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s) sr, s = r, s[size:] } if t[0] < utf8.RuneSelf { tr, t = rune(t[0]), t[1:] } else { r, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(t) tr, t = r, t[size:] } // If they match, keep going; if not, return false. // Easy case. if tr == sr { continue } // Make sr < tr to simplify what follows. if tr < sr { tr, sr = sr, tr } // Fast check for ASCII. if tr < utf8.RuneSelf { // ASCII only, sr/tr must be upper/lower case if 'A' <= sr && sr <= 'Z' && tr == sr+'a'-'A' { continue } return false } // General case. SimpleFold(x) returns the next equivalent rune > x // or wraps around to smaller values. r := unicode.SimpleFold(sr) for r != sr && r < tr { r = unicode.SimpleFold(r) } if r == tr { continue } return false } // One string is empty. Are both? return s == t }
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這個函數(shù)中做了一系列操作,將兩個字符串轉(zhuǎn)換成 utf-8
字符串進行比較,并且比較時忽略大小寫。
總結
通過上面的簡單總結和分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),字符串比較還是直接用 == 、>、 < 比較運算符吧,簡單快捷效率高。
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